Agricultural products

Wheat

Wheat is a cereal crop, one of the most important cereals. Fodder varieties of wheat are widely used in animal feed. In terms of total nutrition, wheat is second only to corn. However, the protein content of wheat grain is superior to all other cereals.

1 kg of wheat grain contains an average of 1.27 feed units and 120 g of digestible protein. Wheat grain in the form of dirt is fed to all species of animals. Wheat grain is an important component in most feeds and can be used in feed mixtures that are prepared directly on the farm.

Barley

Barley is a widespread fodder. The protein content in barley varies greatly - from 7 to 24%. On average, barley contains: dry matter - 85%, protein - 11.3%, fat - 2.2%, fiber - 4.9%, starch - 48.5%, nitrogen-free extractives - 63.8% and ash - 2.8%. Digestibility of barley nutrients is higher than that of oats. Organic matter (protein, fat, carbohydrates) is digested on average by 89%. The coefficient of completeness of barley is equal to 0.97%. In terms of total nutrition, barley exceeds oats by 15%.

1 kg of barley contains 1.15 feed units, 10.5-12.7 MJ of metabolic energy and 85 g of digestible protein. Excellent barley must have a nature of not less than 565 g

Corn

Corn is an annual cereal plant. In terms of chemical composition, corn grain is distinguished among cereals with a high content of carbohydrates, mainly starch (up to 70%), and a high percentage of fat (up to 8%). The protein content is about 9-10%. Corn is poor in ash, especially calcium, which contains only 0.05%, ie several times less than in oats. Protein substances in corn grain consist mainly of defective casein and gluten. The fat in corn has a low melting point. Corn contains relatively few vitamins. Digestibility of corn nutrients is high. Organic substances (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) of animals are digested by 80-90%.

Of all cereal grains, corn grain has the highest energy (total) nutritional value and its coefficient of completeness is equal to one. 1 kg of corn grain contains 1.33 feed, units, 12.2 MJ of metabolic energy for cattle and 13.6 MJ for pigs.

Soybean

Soybean seeds occupy a special place in a number of oilseeds, being today one of the most important sources of protein products for food and feed purposes. Currently, the world produces a significant amount of soy protein products used in feed for farm animals, poultry and aquaculture. Technologies for processing soybeans for feed purposes can be divided into the following subgroups:

Processing of soybeans at oil extraction plants by the technology of direct extraction of oil with an organic solvent or forpressing-extraction to obtain soybean meal (defatted soybeans) and soybean oil.
Processing of soybeans in press plants, including pre-treatment of the material in the extruder, to obtain soybean meal (low-fat soybeans) and soybean oil.

Rapeseed

Rapeseed has a high concentration of metabolic energy: 340 kcal / 100 g for poultry, 19 MJ / kg for pigs and 16 MJ / kg for cattle, which is higher than in full-fat soybeans (330, 16 and 13, respectively). Rapeseed contains 25% protein, 4% fiber, 20% IEM. Rapeseed protein has a high balanced level of essential limiting amino acids. Compared to sunflower, rapeseed contains much more amino acids, and soybeans have more sulfur-containing amino acids: methionine and cystine, but less lysine.

Up to 7% of winter rapeseed seeds and up to 15% of spring canola varieties can be introduced into poultry diets. It is recommended to introduce from 5 to 15% of rapeseed flour in the diets of pigs, including 5% for suckling pigs and boars, 10% for piglets for rearing, repair pigs and sows, and 15% for fattening pigs.

Sunflower

Sunflower is the main oil crop in Ukraine, which, compared to others, produces the most oil per unit area. Seeds of zoned varieties and hybrids contain more than 48-50% fat, 16-19% protein, and oil yield during factory processing is almost 47%. The oil is widely used in the manufacture of margarine, canned food, bread and confectionery, and is also used in soap, paint and other industries. In the processing of seeds, in addition to oil, get cake or meal, which is a valuable feed in animal husbandry.

Sunflower meal, which is mainly used for livestock feed, is also actively exported by traders.

Rye

Rye in nutritional value and chemical composition is almost indistinguishable from barley and is very close to wheat. The bulk of rye - nitrogen-free extractives (over 67% dry matter). Rye grain contains an average of 12% protein, including digestible - 9.1%, about 2% fat and fiber. Rye grain is rich in minerals.

1 kg of rye grain contains an average of 1.15 feed, units, 10.3-12.3 MD ": metabolic energy, 91 g of digestible protein, etc.

Rye grain can be fed to all species of animals in small quantities only in ground form, with caution and subject to gradual accustoming to this feed. Rye starch strongly swells in the stomach of animals, which can cause indigestion, colic.

Oat

The nutritional value of oats is inferior to barley due to the higher content of fat and fiber. The shell of oats contains a large amount of fiber (about 10%). Substandard, lean oats can contain up to 40% fiber.

Oats are usually fed to suckling sows, young animals. In the last stages of fattening pigs is not recommended to enter in the diet of oats - it impairs the taste of lard. If you still need to introduce oats into the feed, it is better to do it in a mixture with barley.

The diet of adult poultry oats can include both coarsely ground and in the form of grain, up to 30-40% of the total mixture of grain and flour feed. For ducks it is better to use heavy oats.